A court is a tribunal, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law. In both common law and civil law legal systems, courts are the central means for dispute resolution, and it is generally understood that all persons have an ability to bring their claims before a court.
The rights of those accused of a crime include the right to present a defense before a court. The system of courts that interprets and applies the law is collectively known as the judiciary. The place where a court sits is known as a venue. The room where court proceedings occur is known as a courtroom, and the building as a courthouse; court facilities range from simple and very small facilities in rural communities to large buildings in cities.
Types of Courts & Their Functions
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States and the ultimate arbiter of the law. It has the power to hear cases involving issues of federal law, including cases involving the interpretation of the United States Constitution.
Appellate Courts
Appellate courts hear appeals from lower courts and review decisions made by trial courts. They are responsible for determining whether the lower court correctly applied the law in the case.
Trial Courts
Trial courts are courts of first instance and typically the court that hears cases before they are appealed to a higher court. They are responsible for determining the facts of a case and applying the law to those facts.
Specialty Courts
Specialty courts are courts that specialize in a particular type of case. Examples of specialty courts include family courts, juvenile courts, and probate courts. They are responsible for hearing cases that involve matters such as family law, juvenile justice, and the administration of estates.
Local Courts
Local courts are courts of limited jurisdiction and typically hear minor criminal and civil matters. They are usually the first court a person will encounter if they have a legal dispute.
Conclusion
Courts are an integral part of the legal system and play an important role in ensuring justice is served. They are responsible for interpreting and applying the law, resolving disputes, and ensuring that the rights of individuals are protected.